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PRE-CHRISTIAN ERA INHABITANTS OF IRELAND AND SCOTLAND
Dr. Erich Fred Legner University of California [Contacts]Next► Please CLICK on underlined links for further detail:
There is evidence that early
Celtic groups from Aquatania may have reached Ireland by the 2nd
Century BC (see <bron178>, <Aquatania> ). Also late in the British occupation of Ireland, Celtic farmers
from England were brought to Ireland in an effort to modernize agriculture
there.. Edo Nyland's discovery of the existence of a
Universal Language in Neolithic times is making possible more accurate
translations of ancient texts and an enlightened view of historical events
(see Universal). However, Nyland believed that the Celts
never spoke Celtic that the Celts never reached Ireland or Scotland, and the
Celtic language did not exist until about 750 or 800 AD. When the Judeo-Christian Benedictine monks reached Ireland in 750 AD
they found there a vibrant civilization, which in some ways was far superior
to that which they were familiar with on the European Continent. Although the monks recognized that this
civilization had many characteristics in common with Egypt and Libya, there
was also a strong connection with South Central Europe. They considered that the Celts must have
reached Ireland about 400 BC. Bringing with them civilization to Ireland. They recorded this in the Benedictines own
operations manual the "Auraicept na n'Ecese". Julius
Caesar in his book "The
Conquest of Gaul" described many Celts, and every one of their
names can be translated with the Basque dictionary, the "Celtic
Language" not having yet existed.
At the National Museum in Dublin, Ireland one is informed that Celts
from Britain did not reach Ireland until late in the occupation. But, the Benedictine Monks indeed
minimized the fact that the vibrant Irish civilization had some of its
origins in Egypt and Libya.
The majority of the population that
inhabited Ireland and Scotland in Pre-Christian times surely can trace its
origins to Scandinavia, Northern Continental Europe and the
Mediterranean. Some of the original
colonizers may have also emigrated from America in prehistoric times (See: American Stone Structures). The settlers that arrived in Ireland
and Orkney, around 7,600 BC, belonged to an ocean migration of people with Rh-negative blood types, genetically identical to the
Berbers of North Africa and Basques of Europe (see Migrations). Today these dark featured people are
referred to jokingly as the “Black Irish.” (See Cavalli-Sforza’s 1991,
Scient. Amer. November). Edo Nyland’s
theory is that this ocean migration is associated with the trade in Reindeer Hides, used for ship sails
in the Mediterranean. The hides were
obtained in Finnmark, Arctic Norway, salted and shipped to Southern Sweden
and Connamara for Oak Tanning. This began during a time when the earth’s
climate was relatively colder than afterward and the North Sea was still dry
land. It was then possible to follow
a western route (see Climate). The first settlers were likely support
crews for the reindeer hide trade with the Mediterranean, such as ship
repair, resting places, provision of food, etc., not the regular survival
clans. Their ships may have been of
the type currently being unearthed in North Africa (see Ships). In Norway some 100 camps of the hunters
have been explored by archaeologist Anders Nummedal who noted that the
petroglyphs left by these people had close affinity to those in the Basque
country of France and Spain. In Ireland a whole town of house
foundations can be viewed on the south shore of Killary harbor, north of
Galway. The oaks are still growing
there. The name of the town is Foher,
meaning “a good place to rest.” No archaeological
work has been done there as of July 2004. Up to the 21st Century the
Rh-negative blood type frequency
among these people is the highest in the world. Berbers and Basques average 32%, Irish and Scots 29% and the
Norwegian islanders 17%. There were
never any Celts among these people. Later on Egypt could have had intense
contact with North America. This is
suspected by the discovery in 1950 of huge boats adjacent to Khufu’s great
pyramid. They were buried between
2589 and 2566 BC.. One has been
restored and it shows considerable wear as if it had undergone long
journeys. Its length is 43.63 meters,
width 5.66 meters (see Egyptian Boat). This ship was perfectly capable of
crossing the Atlantic. The other
boats were left intact waiting for additional funding to rebuild them as
well. An excellent article about
these boats may be found in the April/May 2004 issue of Ancient
Egypt Magazine. Some interesting events took place in
the Mediterranean world at the onset of the twelfth century BC. These were turbulent times in the southern
lands, where violent attacks by a mysterious group of raiders referred to as
the Sea Peoples laid in ruins the Aegean civilization and even threatened the
very survival of the Egyptian monarchy (Fell 1982, Odyssey).
Egypt at this time was ruled by one of the most powerful of the
Pharaohs, Ramesses III, who reigned from 1188 to
1165 BC. Edo Nyland has presented an
updated view of these seafarers (see Sea People). Only the smoke-stained ruins now
remain to speak mutely of the onslaught that suddenly struck down the
peaceful trading empire of the Aegean peoples who fell victims to the raiders
from the sea. In Egypt a stout and
effective resistance was made against the pirates, adequate warning having no
doubt reached the Nile Delta when the disasters occurred in the archipelago to the north of
Egypt. As to what happened next, we
are almost wholly dependent upon Egyptian records carved at Medinet Habu to
memorialize the defeat by Ramesses III of the Libyans and Sea Peoples in 1194
and 1191 BC., and a final attack in 1188 BC. by yet one more wave of Sea Peoples, this time not from Libya but from the
east. In the bas-reliefs that depict
the naval battles (Fig. 193), the defeated Sea Peoples
are represented as having a European cast of face. Some of them are shown wearing hemispherical helmets that carry
two recurved upward-directed horns.
For other clothing they wear a kilt.
Their weapons are swords and spears, whereas the Egyptian marines are
armed with bows and arrows, and are shown able to attack the invaders with a
fusillade before the Sea Peoples could come near enough to board the Egyptian
vessels. According to Ramesses III,
the defeated remnants of these invaders fled westward to Libya. Two centuries later the descendants of the
invaders seized power in Egypt, reigning as the XXII or Libyan dynasty for a
span of 200 years. Other writers have already made the
suggestion that the Sea peoples may have included Norse sailors, largely because
the monument at Medinet Habu depicts some of them as men that look like
Viking predecessors. Fell (1982)
expressed the view that various inscriptions have forced upon him: that it was very probable that the Sea
Peoples included substantial naval detachments from the Baltic
region, that their language was a Nordic dialect of the Indo-European
family, that the so-called "Libyan"
alphabet is in fact an alphabet of Nordic, or at least northern European
origin, Furthermore, he believed that it was taken to Libya by the defeated
Sea Peoples who survived the Battle of the Nile. Fell believed that for some reason the
alphabet they introduced has continued in use throughout subsequent Libyan
history, whereas in its northern homeland it died out, to be replaced by
runes. Fell hazarded the guess that
the blond
Tuaregs who clung most
tenaciously to the "Libyan" alphabet are probably descended from
Nordic immigrants around the time of the Sea Peoples' invasions. All these proposals may seem bold
inferences, but there would be little in the way of plausible alternatives in
the light of these new finds of supposed Libyan inscriptions in Europe. However, Nyland has reviewed evidence for
the origin of the Caucasian race in the area of Libya (see Blond mutation = Caucasian race) A mass immigration of people to
mainland Europe and Ireland then may have occurred from North Africa around
650 A.D. Edo Nyland’s decipherment of
the Horsecreek Petroglyph (see Horsecreek) in a West
Virginia canyon using Basque showed it to be an eyewitness account of a bison
hunt, the animals being driven over a cliff.
Nyland noted that the very large Ogam inscription in that canyon is
written in a type of Ogam different from Irish, one that has never been used
in Ireland. He suspected it to be
Libyan Ogam (personal communication).
Many of the Libyans and Northern Egyptians at that time were blond and
blue eyed. Edo Nyland suspects that
the Four Khalifs who conquered Egypt and Libya around 650 A.D. drove the
blond people from their homeland.
They made it clear that they would not tolerate any Nonbeliever
religions. These blond people had
excellent boats and they sailed first to Ireland, from where the more
adventurous ones went to North America, where they eventually joined the
native life style (see Great Ireland). The 17th Century English
settlers in North America wrote home telling about native tribes with blond
hair (Robert L. Pyle, All That
Remains, p. 66).
They were subsequently absorbed in the new population. Bibliography
========================================== For further detail,
please refer to: Nyland, Edo. 2001. Linguistic Archaeology: AnIntroduction. Trafford Publ., Victoria, B.C., Canada. ISBN 1-55212-668-4. 541 p. [
see abstract & summary] Nyland, Edo. 2002.
Odysseus and the Sea Peoples:
A Bronze Age
History of Scotland
Trafford Publ., Victoria, B.C., Canada. 307 p. [see abstract & summary]. |
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